Ice-cream freezer



2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

J. A. BURNS.

10E GREAM EEEEZEE.

Patentd July 8, 1890.

qwi/tmwaeo 1n: NORRIS PETERS cu, mum-Elma, WASKINGTON. n. c,

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

J. A. BURNS. ICE CREAM FREEZER. No. 461,645. Patented July 8, 1890,

U ITE ST T ES P ATENT OFFICE.

' JAMES A. BURNS, OF ATLANTA, GEORGIA.

ICE-CREAM FREEZER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 431,645, dated July 8,1890. Application filed July 6, 1889. Serial No. 316,705. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES A. BURNs,a citizen of the United States, and aresident of Atlanta, in the county of Fulton and State of Georgia, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Ice-Cream Freezers; and

I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in theart to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being hadto the accompany ing drawings, and to the letters of reference markedthereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to apparatus for the freezing of cream, ices,&c., and has more particular reference to the class of *ice-creamfreezers in which as the material becomes frozen it is automatically,delivered from the machine.

The object of this invention is to bring this class of. devices tobetter and cheaper construction and to a greater degree of effectivenessin operation, and to so arrange the several parts that they will beconveniently de tached for the purpose of repairing, replac ing, andcleansing, the details of construction necessary for these purposesbeing hereinafter fully set forth and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a central vertical section ofthe device, the

revolving cylinder not being in section. Fig.

2 is an end elevation of the device from the left-hand end of Fig. 1,with 'thecover removed, exhibiting the parts therein shown from thatdirection. Fig. 3 is a face view of the crank and hollow journal,showing the novel means for attaching the crank and sealing the openingin the hollow journal to pre vent the escape of the refrigerant. Fig. 4is an edge view of the parts shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is an enlarged viewof the scraping device, looking outward from the interior of themachine, such view being a side elevation of said scraper. Fig. 6 is alongitudinal vertical sectional view of the cylindenshowing the interiorarrangement of the parts. Fig. 7 is an enlarged vertical sectional Viewof the scraper, showing its preferable construction and the relativepositions of the scraping-edge, the guide, and the cylinder. Fig. 8 is aside view of the hollow journals, showing the inclines upon which thelips or proj ections on the cover are forced to make a water-tight joint.cating corresponding parts,A is the non-conducting casing, whichsurrounds the operati ve parts of the device, and B is the cylinder,,which is journaled in said casing in such a manner as to revolve freely.In the interior of the casing A, and supported by the pan 0', whichrests on the bottom of the casing, is the receiving-pan C, which isfilled, when desired, through the funnel D on the outer side of saidcasing and connecting with the interior. In the side of the casing, andpreferably in the side opposite to the funnel, is an aperture, and inthis aperture is placed the scraper E, in such a manner that it willscrape the surface of the cylinder as it revolves.

All ofthe preceding details will bemorc' fully and explicitly describedhereinafter.

The casing A may be made of any suitable material, and in case anymaterial nota nonconductor or apoor conductor of heat be used it wouldbe advisable to insulate it by any of the well-known means for suchpurposes. This casing is preferably of a size and form about as shown inFigs. 1 and 2, andpreferably has cleats on its bottom to prevent thewarping thereof, said cleats also forming incidentally legs on which themachine rests. This casing is preferably formed in two sectionsan upperone a and a lower one awhich are fastened together by dowel-pinsinserted in one section and entering holes in corresponding positionsinth'e other section, and the whole held together by two or more hooksattached toone section and engaging or clasping over pins or otherconvenient appliances for holding the two parts together. These sectionsmay also be held together by hinges, applied at the left-hand endpreferably, and hooks or other convenient appliances at the other. end.used for convenience in placing in position and removing the interiorparts of the machine.

1 Resting-on and supported by the bottom of the casing A is the pan G,which is to con- This form is preferably tainthe insulating or coolingmaterial used to cool and keep cool the contentsof the pan 0, which issupported, preferably, by the pan 0, and which is to receive and holdthe cream or other material to be frozen in such a manner that thecylinder revolving on the ma terial thus presented to it may be able totake it all up during the process of freezing it. The pan 0, when usedfor the purpose of holding the insulating or cooling material, is partlyfilled with this material, and the pan is set into it and the otherparts of the machine then put in place, and the operation of freezingthe liquid is begun in the usual way.

\Vhen the liquidto be frozen contains egg, cornstarch, or othernon-conducting substance, it is desirable to use an insulating andcooling material which will reduce the temperature of the contents ofthe pan 0 nearly to the freezing-point. WVhenthis is done, eongelationreadily takes place when the cylin der B is charged with the refrigerantand rotated in the material to be frozen, as contemplatedand providedfor in the construction and use of the machine. WVhen the liquid to befrozen does not require previous cooling in this way, then theinsulating or cooling material can be omitted from pan 0 withoutinterfering with the operation of the machine. Through the side of thecasing, near the top of the said pan, a hole is made, in which isinserted tube d of the funnel D. This funnel is preferably constructedwith one side oval and the other flat, and to the fiat side is attachedthe tube cl, which forms the passage from the funnel D to the interiorof the casing A when the funnel is in place. In the side of the casingto which the funnel D is attached when in use, and near the top thereofand the said funnel, are placed the pins d, which prevent the funnelfrom turning sidewise and wasting its contents. These pins (1 are placedat a slight distance from the sides of the funnel to allow a littlespace in which the funnel may be partially rotated sidewise to aid inremoving it from the casing when desired.

It is through the funnel that the material to be frozen is supplied tothe pan 0 from the outside of the casing, which, it will be seen, isreadily and easily done without removing the cover, thereby obviatingthe necessity of removing the cover to fill the pan, and in this wayadmitting warm air and impairing the economical use, as well as theefficiency of the-machine.

The cylinder B, which is hereinafter described in detail, is, as beforestated, j ournaled in the sides of the casing A, and is turned in 1 forthe purposes for which it is intended, and therefore it will benecessary to add to the parts already mentioned a device to remove thisfrozen material for use. For this purpose the scraper E, Figs. 1, 5, andespecially 7, of

,novel and advantageous construction, has

been supplied. This scraper consists 'of a fiat piece of metal 6,preferablybent up at the sides to prevent the material sliding down theplate of the scraper from escaping at the sides. The upper edge of thesaid plate a is preferably, though not necessarily, turned slightlytoward the cylinder to facilitate its scraping off the frozen materialand to slightly stiffen the edge of the said plate, so as to prevent itfrom springing. This plate or scraper e is elastically held in contactwith the cylinder B by the springs e, of wire or flat steel or othermaterial suited to the purpose, which springs or other appli ances forthe purpose are soldered at their top ends to the said plate, and theirbottom ends are inserted into the side of the casing A, as shown, thethin metal plate a being preferably supplied to strengthen the same,-and while the plate a is obviously not absolutelyv necessary to theoperation of the device, yet it is considered desirable, as it willprevent the lateral enlargement of the holes to such an extent as tomaterially reduce the pressure of the springs. The holes in the casingA, in which these springs are inserted, are vented inwardly, preferably,to allow any liquid which may get into them to escape, and thuspreventthe swelling of the cover and the partial closing of the holes.

To the under side of the scraper E is attached in any desirable manner aguidee", consisting of a thin flange or a bar or a piece of metal of anyother convenient form, which projects therefrom a sufficient distance totouch and bear against the cylinder as soon as the cutting or scrapingedge of the scraper is close to or just in contact with the surface ofthe cylinder, and thus prevent the scraper from bearing too forciblyagainst the surface of the cylinder, and thereby abrading its surfaceand injuring it. The object of this guide is to provide for easy andeffective automatic adjustment of the cutting or scraping edge of thecylinder, and thereby prevent the scraper from unduly scraping orabrading its surface by coming in too forcible contact with it inconsequence of the pressure exerted by the springs or the resistance ofthe frozen material to the action of the scraper, or the inequalities inthe surface caused by defects in construction, or other causes renderingsuch automatic adjustment necessary.

When in use, the surface of the cylinder is sufficiently lubricated bythe thin film of the gmaterial to be frozen which is left by the'scraper when in proper adjustment to prevent any injurious abrasion ofthe surface I by the cutting or scraping edge of the scraper or theguide 6'. Consequently this guide 6" is a very important, if notabsolutely neces-v sary one, for aiding the scraper in the performanceof its function, and materially prolonging the life of the cylinder bypreventing its injurious abrasion by the scraper. Further, the thin filmof frozen or congealed material left on the surface of the cylinder bythe combined action of the scraping-edge and the guide 6', as beforementioned, assists in congealing more of the material to be frozen. inits passage through the unfrozen material in accordance with well-knownphysical laws governing the congelation of liquids.

The cylinder B is constructed of sheet metal, preferably of tin of goodthickness, and has on one end the journal I), and in the other is ahole, over which is fastened in any convenient manner, prefe rably byrivetingand soldering, the hollow journal I), Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8,in the latter of which figures one of the inclined planes 19, cut intothe periphery of the flange around the outer end of said journal, isshown most clearly. There are two of these inclined planes, preferablyon opposite sides of the said flange, and the cover I)", to which isattached, preferably integral therewith, the hand-crank 19", having twolips b"" thereon, which engage with and are forced up these inclinedplanes b. This hand-crank in use exerts force in a direction that willpress the cover I) securely over the opening in the mouth or outer endof the journal I) and make, by compressing the rubber gasket b""" orother soft packing, 'a water-tight joint therein, which prevents theescape of any of the refrigerating mixture.

011 the interior of the cylinder are placed the buckets F, which carrythe refrigerating compound to the top of the cylinder and allow it tofall back, thus keeping its ingredi- Y ents thoroughly mixed, andthereby securing the maximum effect of the refrigerant at the surface ofthe cylinder, which comes in contact with the material to be frozen,which is not the case in freezers of this class as ordinarilyconstructed. These buckets may be of any number and of any general formdesired, the object being, as just described, to carry the refrigeratingmaterial in contact with the surface of the cylinder through a portionof its revolution, and then to allow it to fall and become mixed withthe other portions, which are in turn taken up and carried partlyaround, as before described.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent of the United States, is

1. In an ice-cream freezer, the combination of the freezing-cylindersupported by hollow journals within the casing A, the pans Q 0',arranged one within the other to receive the cream to be frozen by thecylinder passing through the same, the funnel D for supplyin g the creamto said pans, and the scraper for re- 7 moving the frozen creamirom thecylinder, consisting of a piece of sheet metal bent-up at its sides toform a trough and provided with springs c and bearing-plate c,substantially as shown and described.

2. In an ice-cream freezer, the scraper E, formed of a piece of sheetmetal bent up at its sides to form a trough and provided with the spring6' and bearing-plate e", substantially as shown and described.

In testimony whereof I hereunto affix my signature in presence of twowitnesses.

. JAMES A. BURNS.

Witnesses:

A. P. W001), N. R. Wool).

